Windows11上Linux安裝教程

超簡(jiǎn)單，不安裝虛擬機(jī)，Windows11運(yùn)行Linux

安裝注意事項(xiàng)

出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤有可能是少了驅(qū)動(dòng)

驅(qū)動(dòng)下載地址

安裝OK

在這里插入圖片描述

測(cè)試使用

安裝vim編輯器

輸入命令：sudo apt-get install vim

aq@AQST:~$ sudo apt-get install vim
[sudo] password for aq:
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
  vim-common vim-runtime vim-tiny
Suggested packages:
  ctags vim-doc vim-scripts indent
The following packages will be upgraded:
  vim vim-common vim-runtime vim-tiny
4 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and83not upgraded.
Need to get 7785 kB of archives.
After this operation, 4096 B of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Y
Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 vim amd64 2:8.1.2269-1ubuntu5.18 [1242 kB]
Get:2 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 vim-tiny amd64 2:8.1.2269-1ubuntu5.18 [581 kB]
Get:3 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 vim-runtime all 2:8.1.2269-1ubuntu5.18 [5875 kB]
Get:4 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 vim-common all 2:8.1.2269-1ubuntu5.18 [87.1 kB]
Fetched 7785 kB in 22s (362 kB/s)
(Reading database ... 32701 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../vim_2%3a8.1.2269-1ubuntu5.18_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking vim (2:8.1.2269-1ubuntu5.18) over (2:8.1.2269-1ubuntu5.14) ...
Preparing to unpack .../vim-tiny_2%3a8.1.2269-1ubuntu5.18_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking vim-tiny (2:8.1.2269-1ubuntu5.18) over (2:8.1.2269-1ubuntu5.14) ...
Preparing to unpack .../vim-runtime_2%3a8.1.2269-1ubuntu5.18_all.deb ...
Unpacking vim-runtime (2:8.1.2269-1ubuntu5.18) over (2:8.1.2269-1ubuntu5.14) ...
Preparing to unpack .../vim-common_2%3a8.1.2269-1ubuntu5.18_all.deb ...
Unpacking vim-common (2:8.1.2269-1ubuntu5.18) over (2:8.1.2269-1ubuntu5.14) ...
Setting up vim-common (2:8.1.2269-1ubuntu5.18) ...
Setting up vim-runtime (2:8.1.2269-1ubuntu5.18) ...
Setting up vim (2:8.1.2269-1ubuntu5.18) ...
Setting up vim-tiny (2:8.1.2269-1ubuntu5.18) ...
Processing triggers for mime-support (3.64ubuntu1) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.9.1-1) ...

安裝gcc編譯器

輸入命令：sudo apt-get install gcc

aq@AQST:~$ sudo apt-get install gcc
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
  binutils binutils-common binutils-x86-64-linux-gnu cpp cpp-9 gcc-10-base gcc-9 gcc-9-base libasan5 libatomic1
  libbinutils libc-dev-bin libc6 libc6-dev libcc1-0 libcrypt-dev libctf-nobfd0 libctf0 libgcc-9-dev libgcc-s1 libgomp1
  libisl22 libitm1 liblsan0 libmpc3 libquadmath0 libstdc++6 libtsan0 libubsan1 linux-libc-dev manpages-dev
Suggested packages:
  binutils-doc cpp-doc gcc-9-locales gcc-multilib make autoconf automake libtool flex bison gdb gcc-doc gcc-9-multilib
  gcc-9-doc glibc-doc
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  binutils binutils-common binutils-x86-64-linux-gnu cpp cpp-9 gcc gcc-9 gcc-9-base libasan5 libatomic1 libbinutils
  libc-dev-bin libc6-dev libcc1-0 libcrypt-dev libctf-nobfd0 libctf0 libgcc-9-dev libgomp1 libisl22 libitm1 liblsan0
  libmpc3 libquadmath0 libtsan0 libubsan1 linux-libc-dev manpages-dev
The following packages will be upgraded:
  gcc-10-base libc6 libgcc-s1 libstdc++6
4 upgraded, 28 newly installed, 0 to remove and79not upgraded.
Need to get 37.3 MB of archives.
After this operation, 150 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Y
Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 libc6 amd64 2.31-0ubuntu9.12 [2722 kB]
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Get:3 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 libstdc++6 amd64 10.5.0-1ubuntu1~20.04 [501 kB]
Get:4 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 libgcc-s1 amd64 10.5.0-1ubuntu1~20.04 [41.8 kB]
Get:5 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 binutils-common amd64 2.34-6ubuntu1.6 [207 kB]
Get:6 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 libbinutils amd64 2.34-6ubuntu1.6 [473 kB]
Get:7 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 libctf-nobfd0 amd64 2.34-6ubuntu1.6 [47.4 kB]
Get:8 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 libctf0 amd64 2.34-6ubuntu1.6 [46.6 kB]
Get:9 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 binutils-x86-64-linux-gnu amd64 2.34-6ubuntu1.6 [1613 kB]
Get:10 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 binutils amd64 2.34-6ubuntu1.6 [3376 B]
Get:11 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 gcc-9-base amd64 9.4.0-1ubuntu1~20.04.2 [18.9 kB]
Get:12 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal/main amd64 libisl22 amd64 0.22.1-1 [592 kB]
Get:13 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal/main amd64 libmpc3 amd64 1.1.0-1 [40.8 kB]
Get:14 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 cpp-9 amd64 9.4.0-1ubuntu1~20.04.2 [7502 kB]
Get:15 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal/main amd64 cpp amd64 4:9.3.0-1ubuntu2 [27.6 kB]
Get:16 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 libcc1-0 amd64 10.5.0-1ubuntu1~20.04 [48.8 kB]
Get:17 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 libgomp1 amd64 10.5.0-1ubuntu1~20.04 [102 kB]
Get:18 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 libitm1 amd64 10.5.0-1ubuntu1~20.04 [26.2 kB]
Get:19 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 libatomic1 amd64 10.5.0-1ubuntu1~20.04 [9284 B]
Get:20 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 libasan5 amd64 9.4.0-1ubuntu1~20.04.2 [2752 kB]
Get:21 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 liblsan0 amd64 10.5.0-1ubuntu1~20.04 [835 kB]
Get:22 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 libtsan0 amd64 10.5.0-1ubuntu1~20.04 [2016 kB]
Get:23 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 libubsan1 amd64 10.5.0-1ubuntu1~20.04 [785 kB]
Get:24 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 libquadmath0 amd64 10.5.0-1ubuntu1~20.04 [146 kB]
Get:25 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 libgcc-9-dev amd64 9.4.0-1ubuntu1~20.04.2 [2359 kB]
Get:26 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 gcc-9 amd64 9.4.0-1ubuntu1~20.04.2 [8276 kB]
Get:27 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal/main amd64 gcc amd64 4:9.3.0-1ubuntu2 [5208 B]
Get:28 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 libc-dev-bin amd64 2.31-0ubuntu9.12 [71.6 kB]
Get:29 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 linux-libc-dev amd64 5.4.0-165.182 [1112 kB]
Get:30 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal/main amd64 libcrypt-dev amd64 1:4.4.10-10ubuntu4 [104 kB]
Get:31 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates/main amd64 libc6-dev amd64 2.31-0ubuntu9.12 [2519 kB]
Get:32 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal/main amd64 manpages-dev all 5.05-1 [2266 kB]
Fetched 37.3 MB in 1min 31s (410 kB/s)
Extracting templates from packages: 100%
Preconfiguring packages ...
(Reading database ... 32701 files and directories currently installed.)
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Setting up libc6:amd64 (2.31-0ubuntu9.12) ...
(Reading database ... 32701 files and directories currently installed.)
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Unpacking gcc-10-base:amd64 (10.5.0-1ubuntu1~20.04) over (10.3.0-1ubuntu1~20.04) ...
Setting up gcc-10-base:amd64 (10.5.0-1ubuntu1~20.04) ...
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VI/VIM介紹

vim是Linux環(huán)境下一款功能強(qiáng)大、高度可定制的文本編輯工具，類(lèi)似于Windows下面的source insight、sublime、notepad。VI是visual interface的縮寫(xiě)，即可視化接口。vim 即 vi IMproved，在 vi 的基礎(chǔ)上做了很多改進(jìn)，如：增加了多級(jí)撤銷(xiāo)、多窗口操作、崩潰后也可以恢復(fù)、增加了穩(wěn)定性、關(guān)鍵字自動(dòng)補(bǔ)全、上下文自動(dòng)補(bǔ)全等功能。

VIM的工作模式

vim一般有6種工作模式。

普通模式 ：使用vim打開(kāi)一個(gè)文件時(shí)默認(rèn)模式，也叫命令模式，允許用戶通過(guò)各種命令瀏覽代碼、滾屏等操作。

插入模式 ：也可以叫做編輯模式，在普通模式下敲擊 i 、a 或 o 就進(jìn)入插入模式，允許用戶通過(guò)鍵盤(pán)輸入、編輯。

命令行模式 ：在普通模式下，先輸入冒號(hào):，接著輸入命令，就可以通過(guò)配置命令對(duì)vim進(jìn)行配置了，如改變顏色主題、顯示行號(hào)等，這些配置命令也可以保存到/etc/vim/vimrc配置文件中，每次打開(kāi)默認(rèn)配置執(zhí)行。

可視化模式 ：在普通模式下敲擊前盤(pán)上的 v 鍵，就進(jìn)入可視化模式，然后移動(dòng)光標(biāo)就可以選中一塊文本，常用來(lái)完成文本的復(fù)制、粘貼、刪除等操作。

替換模式 ：如果我們想修改某個(gè)字符，不需要先進(jìn)入插入模式，刪除，然后再輸入新的字符，直接在普通模式下，敲擊R鍵就可以直接替換。

EX模式 ：類(lèi)似于命令行模式，可以一次運(yùn)行多個(gè)命令

有關(guān)VIM的命令很多 這里僅僅測(cè)試

VIM的保存和退出指令

Vim的保存和退出命令

編寫(xiě)Hello world.c代碼

vim hello.c i進(jìn)入指令模式進(jìn)行編寫(xiě)代碼

esc 退出指令模式
:wq
保存編輯的內(nèi)容并退出Vim編輯器.

編譯hello.c代碼

aq@AQST:~$ gcc hello.c -o hello
aq@AQST:~$ ls
hello  hello.c

運(yùn)行helle.exe 打印Hello World!

aq@AQST:~$ ls
hello  hello.c
aq@AQST:~$ ./hello
Hello World!

makefile

多文件編譯需要用到makefile 環(huán)境至此測(cè)試完畢，以后就可以方便的學(xué)習(xí)系統(tǒng)編程了