Modern circuits may contain up to several hundred million transistors.
In the meantime it has been observed that verification becomes
the major bottleneck in design flows, i.e. up to 80% of the overall design
costs are due to verification. This is one of the reasons why recently
several methods have been proposed as alternatives to classical simulation.
Simulation alone cannot guarantee sufficient coverage of the design
resulting in bugs that may remain undetected.
As alternatives formal verification techniques have been proposed. Instead
of simulating a design the correctness is proven by formal techniques.
There are many different areas where these approaches can be
used, like equivalence checking, property checking or symbolic simulation.
Meanwhile these methods have been successfully applied in many
industrial projects and have become the state-of-the-art technique in
several fields. But the deployment of the existing tools in real-world
projects also showed the weaknesses and problems of formal verification
techniques. This gave motivating impulses for tool developers and
researchers.
The book shows latest developments in the verification domain from
the user and from the developer perspective. World leading experts describe
the underlying methods of today’s verification tools and describe
various scenarios from industrial practice. In the first part of the book
the core techniques of today’s formal verification tools, like SAT and
BDDs are addressed. In addition, instances known to be difficult, like
multipliers, are studied. The second part gives insight in professional
tools and the underlying methodology, like property checking and assertion
based verification. Finally, to cope with complete system on chip
designs also analog components have to be considered.
In this book the state-of-the-art in many important fields of formal
verification is described. Besides the description of the most recent research
results, open problems and challenging research areas are addressed.
By this, the book is intended for CAD developers and researchers
in the verification domain, where formal techniques become a core technology to successful circuit and system design. Furthermore,
the book is an excellent reference for users of verification tools to get a
better understanding of the internal principles and by this to drive the
tools to the highest performance. In this context the book is dedicated
to all people in industry and academia to keep informed about the most
recent developments in the field of formal verification.