在土木工程領(lǐng)域中, 智能結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)越來(lái)越受到人們的重視, 而在智能結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)中機(jī)敏材料是不可缺的元素, 它是構(gòu)成智能結(jié)構(gòu)中的傳感器和驅(qū)動(dòng)器的關(guān)鍵材料。針對(duì)目前土木工程領(lǐng)域智能結(jié)構(gòu)中存在的結(jié)構(gòu)材料與機(jī)敏材料相容性差問(wèn)題, 采用水泥基材料作為壓電機(jī)敏復(fù)合材料的基體, 通過(guò)調(diào)節(jié)水泥基材料組分和比例, 克服水泥基材料與壓電陶瓷在密度上的懸殊差異為材料準(zhǔn)備帶來(lái)的困難, 制備出222 型水泥基壓電機(jī)敏復(fù)合材料。同時(shí),采用集成了微型計(jì)算機(jī)、M TS 自動(dòng)伺服試驗(yàn)機(jī)、示波器、信號(hào)發(fā)生器、線性放大器和HP2IB 界面的測(cè)試系統(tǒng)測(cè)量222 型水泥基壓電復(fù)合材料的彈性性能、傳感性能和驅(qū)動(dòng)性能。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明, 在實(shí)驗(yàn)范圍里, 該材料具有線彈性性能; 傳感性能和驅(qū)動(dòng)性能具有明顯的頻率依賴性; 在超低頻范圍內(nèi), 222 型水泥基壓電復(fù)合材料的壓電電壓系數(shù)的模值隨頻率線性增大, 相角隨頻率增大開(kāi)始時(shí)增大較快, 隨后趨于一常數(shù); 222 型水泥基壓電復(fù)合材料的壓電性能與聚合物基壓電復(fù)合材料相似。
關(guān)鍵詞: 機(jī)敏材料; 壓電性; 水泥基復(fù)合材料; 土木工程結(jié)構(gòu); 智能結(jié)構(gòu)
Abstract: Intelligent structures are attracting more attention of scientists and engineers in the field of civil engi2 neering. In an intelligent structure, smart materials p lay animportant role, from w h ich sensors and actuators aremade. In order to solve them ismatch p roblem betw een smartmaterials and hostmaterials,w h ich is popular in the app lication of intelligent structures in the civil engineering field. Cement based materialsw ere chosen to be thematrix of p iezoelec2 tric smart materials. Th rough adjusting them ix p roportion and selecting the components of cement basedmatrix, p rob2 lem s of fabrication of 222 cement based p iezoelectric compositew ere overcome. U sing a testing system integrating com2
puter,M TS tester, oscilloscope, signal generator, linear amp lifier, HP2IB interface hardw are and softw are, the elastic, sensory and actuating p ropertiesw ere studied. The follow ing results can be obtained. The composite is linearly elastic. The sensory and actuating p roperties have obvious dependence on frequency. In the range of ultra low frequency, the
magnitude of p iezoelectric voltage factor of the composite increases linearly w ith frequency, the phase increases quick ly at first, but then app roaches to a constant, The p iezoelectric p roperties of the composite are sim ilar to those of polymer? ceram ic p iezoelectric composites.
Key words: smart materials; p iezoelectricity; cement based composites; civil engineering structures; intelligent structures